What are the major sources of contamination for patients undergoing I-131 therapy?

The major sources of contamination for patients undergoing I-131 therapy are urine, saliva, and perspiration. I-131, or iodine-131, is a radioactive isotope commonly used in the treatment of thyroid conditions, particularly hyperthyroidism and thyroid cancer.

After administration, I-131 is absorbed by the thyroid, but a significant amount is also secreted through bodily fluids. Urine is a primary means by which radioactive iodine is eliminated from the body, making it a significant source of contamination. Saliva can also contain radioactive iodine, as it is excreted by the salivary glands, posing a risk of contamination through kissing or sharing utensils. Additionally, perspiration can carry traces of I-131, which adds another layer of potential contamination, especially if the patient is sweating heavily.

Understanding these sources is crucial for both patient safety and public health, as appropriate measures must be taken to minimize the risk of radiation exposure to others.